Body of the Stomach Flashcards

Examine the gastric body's structure, anatomical relations, mucosal glands, vascular supply, innervation, and digestive functions.

Card 1 of 30Question

What is the body of the stomach?

The largest central region of the stomach, extending between the fundus and pyloric part.

In This Section

1. What is the body of the stomach?

The largest central region of the stomach, extending between the fundus and pyloric part.

2. Where is the body of the stomach located?

Primarily in the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions of the upper abdomen.

3. What anatomical landmark separates the fundus from the body of the stomach?

An imaginary horizontal plane passing through the cardiac orifice.

4. Which landmark marks the transition from the gastric body to the pyloric part along the lesser curvature?

The angular incisure, also called the incisura angularis.

5. What are the two principal external surfaces of the gastric body?

The anterior and posterior surfaces.

6. Which two curvatures form the medial and lateral borders of the stomach?

The lesser curvature and greater curvature, respectively.

7. Which peritoneal ligament attaches to the lesser curvature of the gastric body?

The hepatogastric ligament, part of the lesser omentum.

8. Which peritoneal structure attaches to the greater curvature of the gastric body?

The greater omentum, including its gastrocolic ligament.

9. How is the body of the stomach classified in relation to the peritoneum?

It is intraperitoneal and covered by visceral peritoneum except along its omental attachments.

10. Which cavity separates the posterior surface of the gastric body from many structures of the stomach bed?

The lesser sac, also called the omental bursa.

11. Which retroperitoneal organ lies posterior to the gastric body across the lesser sac?

The pancreas, particularly its body.

12. Which structures are related to the anterior surface of the gastric body?

The left lobe of the liver, diaphragm, and anterior abdominal wall.

13. What are gastric rugae?

Folds of the gastric mucosa and submucosa that flatten as the stomach distends.

14. Which three smooth muscle layers form the muscularis externa of the gastric body?

Inner oblique, middle circular, and outer longitudinal layers.

15. What type of epithelium lines the gastric body?

Simple columnar mucus-secreting epithelium.

16. Which gastric glands predominate in the mucosa of the stomach body?

Fundic or oxyntic glands.

17. Which cells in the gastric body secrete hydrochloric acid?

Parietal cells, also called oxyntic cells.

18. Which substance secreted by parietal cells is essential for vitamin B12 absorption?

Intrinsic factor.

19. Which gastric gland cells secrete pepsinogen?

Chief cells, also called zymogenic cells.

20. Which enteroendocrine cells in the gastric body release histamine to stimulate acid secretion?

Enterochromaffin-like cells.

21. What is the main mechanical function of the gastric body?

Mixing food with gastric secretions through coordinated muscular contractions.

22. Which arteries supply the lesser curvature of the gastric body?

The left and right gastric arteries.

23. Which arteries supply the greater curvature of the gastric body?

The left and right gastro-omental arteries, also called gastroepiploic arteries.

24. Into which venous system does blood from the gastric body ultimately drain?

The hepatic portal venous system.

25. Which lymph nodes primarily receive lymph from the gastric body?

Gastric and gastro-omental lymph nodes, followed by celiac lymph nodes.

26. Which autonomic plexus distributes sympathetic innervation to the gastric body?

The celiac plexus through periarterial branches.

27. Which nerves provide parasympathetic innervation to the gastric body?

The anterior and posterior vagal trunks derived from the vagus nerves.

28. How does vagal stimulation generally affect acid secretion in the gastric body?

It increases gastric acid secretion through direct and indirect neural pathways.

29. Which bacterium is strongly associated with chronic gastritis involving the gastric body?

Helicobacter pylori.

30. Why can extensive autoimmune destruction of parietal cells cause pernicious anemia?

Loss of intrinsic factor impairs vitamin B12 absorption in the terminal ileum.