Cerebrum Flashcards

Explore the cerebrum, including its hemispheres, cortical lobes, gray and white matter, basal nuclei, neural pathways, and blood supply.

Card 1 of 30Question

What is the cerebrum?

The largest part of the brain, consisting of two cerebral hemispheres and associated deep structures.

In This Section

1. What is the cerebrum?

The largest part of the brain, consisting of two cerebral hemispheres and associated deep structures.

2. Which major fissure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

The longitudinal cerebral fissure.

3. Which major commissural structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

The corpus callosum.

4. What are the four major externally visible lobes of each cerebral hemisphere?

The frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.

5. Which cerebral lobe lies deep within the lateral sulcus?

The insula, also called the insular lobe.

6. Which sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

The central sulcus, also called the sulcus of Rolando.

7. Which sulcus separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes?

The lateral sulcus, also called the Sylvian fissure.

8. Which sulcus separates the parietal and occipital lobes on the medial cerebral surface?

The parieto-occipital sulcus.

9. What are cerebral gyri?

Raised folds of the cerebral cortex separated by sulci.

10. What is the cerebral cortex?

The outer layer of gray matter covering the cerebral hemispheres.

11. How many cellular layers does typical cerebral neocortex contain?

Six layers, distinguished by their neuronal organization and connections.

12. What forms the cerebral white matter?

Predominantly myelinated axons connecting cortical areas and other regions of the nervous system.

13. What are the three principal categories of cerebral white matter fibers?

Association fibers, commissural fibers, and projection fibers.

14. What is the function of cerebral association fibers?

Connecting cortical regions within the same cerebral hemisphere.

15. What is the function of cerebral commissural fibers?

Connecting regions of opposite cerebral hemispheres.

16. What is the function of cerebral projection fibers?

Connecting the cerebral cortex with subcortical structures, the brainstem, and spinal cord.

17. What is the internal capsule?

A compact bundle of projection fibers passing between the deep gray matter structures of the cerebrum.

18. Which structures form the principal components of the corpus callosum?

The rostrum, genu, body, and splenium.

19. Which major deep cerebral nuclei are collectively associated with motor regulation?

The basal nuclei, including the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus.

20. Which two structures form the striatum?

The caudate nucleus and putamen.

21. What is the principal function of the primary motor cortex?

Initiating and controlling voluntary movements, mainly of the contralateral body.

22. Which cerebral gyrus contains the primary somatosensory cortex?

The postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe.

23. Which cerebral region contains the primary auditory cortex?

The transverse temporal gyri of Heschl in the temporal lobe.

24. Where is the primary visual cortex located?

Along the banks of the calcarine sulcus in the occipital lobe.

25. Which medial temporal structure is essential for forming new declarative memories?

The hippocampus.

26. Which cerebral structure is strongly involved in emotional processing and fear-related learning?

The amygdala.

27. Which ventricular structures lie within the cerebral hemispheres?

The right and left lateral ventricles.

28. Which three major arteries supply the cerebral hemispheres?

The anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and posterior cerebral arteries.

29. Which artery supplies much of the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere?

The middle cerebral artery.

30. What is cerebral hemispheric lateralization?

The tendency for certain functions, such as language, to be more strongly represented in one cerebral hemisphere.