Kidney Flashcards

Kidney Flashcards topic image

Explore kidney anatomy and functions like blood filtration using flashcards.

Card 1 of 30Question

What are the two main parts of a kidney?

Cortex and medulla.

In This Section

1. What are the two main parts of a kidney?

Cortex and medulla.

2. What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron

3. What is the outermost layer of the kidney called?

Renal capsule

4. Where is urine first collected in the kidney?

Minor calyx

5. What structure drains urine from the kidney to the bladder?

Ureter

6. What artery supplies blood to the kidneys?

Renal artery

7. What vein carries blood away from the kidneys?

Renal vein

8. What is the funnel-shaped structure in the kidney called?

Renal pelvis

9. What part of the nephron filters blood?

Glomerulus

10. What surrounds the glomerulus?

Bowman's capsule

11. Where does most reabsorption occur in the nephron?

Proximal convoluted tubule

12. What is the loop in the nephron that concentrates urine?

Loop of Henle

13. Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

14. What hormone regulates sodium reabsorption in the kidney?

Aldosterone

15. Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus located?

Near the glomerulus.

16. What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete?

Renin

17. What is the main nitrogenous waste removed by the kidneys?

Urea

18. What is the normal pH range of urine?

4.5 to 8

19. What structure connects the kidney to the ureter?

Renal pelvis

20. How many kidneys does a normal human body have?

Two

21. What is the indentation on the kidney's medial side called?

Renal hilum

22. What is the purpose of perirenal fat?

It cushions and protects the kidney.

23. What percentage of cardiac output do the kidneys receive?

About 20 to 25 percent.

24. What vessels arise from the renal artery and enter the glomerulus?

Afferent arterioles

25. What vessels drain blood from the glomerulus?

Efferent arterioles

26. Where does filtration occur in the nephron?

Glomerulus

27. Where is urine finally concentrated?

Collecting duct

28. Which part of the nephron is impermeable to water?

Ascending limb of the loop of Henle

29. What triggers the release of erythropoietin from the kidney?

Low oxygen levels

30. What is the major function of the kidneys?

Filtration of blood and maintenance of fluid balance.
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