Intermediate Fundus of the Gallbladder Quiz

Q1. Which abdominal wall landmark is commonly used to estimate the surface position of the gallbladder fundus?

• The umbilicus at the midline only
• The left costal margin near the spleen
• The left inguinal ligament
• The right costal margin near the lateral border of rectus abdominis

Q2. Why is the gallbladder fundus more closely related to the anterior abdominal wall than the neck?

• The fundus is attached to the xiphoid process
• The neck is located in the pelvis
• The fundus lies inside rectus abdominis
• The fundus projects beyond the liver margin toward the abdominal wall

Q3. Which bowel structure may lie inferior to the gallbladder fundus and body?

• Transverse colon
• Rectum
• Sigmoid colon only
• Terminal ileum only

Q4. How is the free surface of the gallbladder fundus covered?

• By periosteum
• By visceral peritoneum
• By parietal pleura
• By renal fascia only

Q5. What happens to the fundus when the gallbladder becomes distended?

• It retracts into the pancreatic duct
• It can become more prominent below the liver margin
• It disappears into the hepatic parenchyma
• It becomes part of the portal vein

Q6. Which histological feature is absent from the normal gallbladder wall at the fundus?

• Smooth muscle bundles
• A distinct muscularis mucosae and submucosa
• Simple columnar mucosa
• Connective tissue

Q7. How does the muscular wall of the fundus differ from the organized muscular layers of much of the intestine?

• It contains irregularly arranged smooth muscle bundles
• It has no smooth muscle
• It consists entirely of skeletal muscle
• It has only a muscularis mucosae

Q8. What role does the fundus play during gallbladder contraction?

• It contributes to expelling stored bile toward the cystic duct
• It pumps portal blood
• It empties directly into the duodenum
• It secretes pancreatic enzymes

Q9. From which embryologic structure does the gallbladder, including its fundus, develop?

• Caudal portion of the hepatic diverticulum
• Mesonephric duct
• Neural crest
• Ureteric bud

Q10. Why can inflammation of the fundus irritate the adjacent parietal peritoneum?

• It normally opens into the abdominal wall
• Its anterior position can bring inflammation close to parietal peritoneum
• The fundus lies inside the spinal canal
• It is enclosed within the renal capsule