Intermediate Mammary Lobules and Ducts Quiz

Q1. What is the functional glandular unit formed by a terminal duct and its associated lobule?

• Retromammary space
• Terminal duct lobular unit
• Axillary sheath
• Subareolar lymphatic plexus

Q2. What does the abbreviation TDLU represent in mammary anatomy?

• Transverse duct ligament unit
• Terminal duct lobular unit
• Thoracic duct lymphatic unit
• Terminal dermal lymphatic unit

Q3. Which structures are contained within a mammary lobule?

• Skeletal muscle fascicles
• Terminal ducts and glandular secretory structures
• Large arteries and veins only
• Costal cartilage plates

Q4. Which cellular arrangement is characteristic of many mammary ducts?

• Chondrocytes surrounded by osteoblasts
• Luminal epithelial cells with an outer myoepithelial layer
• Neurons surrounded by hepatocytes
• Skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by cartilage

Q5. Where are myoepithelial cells positioned in relation to the luminal epithelial cells of mammary ducts and secretory units?

• Between the luminal epithelium and basement membrane
• Inside the duct lumen
• Inside nearby arteries
• Within the pectoralis major muscle

Q6. Which hormone stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cells around mammary secretory units?

• Calcitonin
• Parathyroid hormone
• Oxytocin
• Aldosterone

Q7. Which hormone is particularly important for stimulating milk synthesis by mammary secretory epithelial cells?

• Erythropoietin
• Prolactin
• Glucagon
• Calcitonin

Q8. What major structural change occurs within mammary lobules during pregnancy?

• Conversion of lobules into lymph nodes
• Loss of all glandular epithelium
• Expansion and development of the lobuloalveolar secretory system
• Replacement of all ducts by bone

Q9. How does the lactating mammary gland differ structurally from the resting gland?

• It lacks a ductal system
• It contains no epithelial cells
• It is composed entirely of adipose tissue
• It contains greatly expanded and active secretory alveoli

Q10. Which statement best describes the pathway of milk through the mammary gland?

• Secretory alveoli directly into the retromammary space
• Secretory alveoli to small ducts to larger ducts to lactiferous ducts to the nipple
• Secretory alveoli to arteries to the nipple
• Lobules to lymph nodes to the nipple