Advanced Nephron Quiz

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This quiz contains 10 questions. Click below to begin.

Q1. What is the function of mesangial cells in the glomerulus?

  • Urine concentration
  • Filtration barrier
  • Transport of glucose
  • Structural support and phagocytosis

Q2. How does angiotensin II affect glomerular hemodynamics?

  • Dilates afferent arterioles to lower pressure
  • Constricts efferent arterioles to maintain GFR
  • Inhibits sodium transport in proximal tubule
  • Stimulates ADH from juxtaglomerular cells

Q3. Which transporter is found on the apical membrane of proximal tubule cells for glucose reabsorption?

  • GLUT2
  • SGLT2
  • Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase
  • ENaC

Q4. What is the significance of the countercurrent multiplier system in the loop of Henle?

  • Increases renal plasma flow
  • Stimulates bicarbonate secretion
  • Creates medullary gradient for water reabsorption
  • Regulates renin secretion

Q5. How do principal cells differ from intercalated cells in the collecting duct?

  • Principal: urea secretion; Intercalated: renin production
  • Principal: sodium/water; Intercalated: acid-base
  • Principal: hormone synthesis; Intercalated: calcium reabsorption
  • Principal: glucose transport; Intercalated: filtration

Q6. What enzyme is released by juxtaglomerular cells in response to low blood pressure?

  • ADH
  • Renin
  • ACE
  • Aldosterone

Q7. Which hormone inhibits sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct?

  • ADH
  • Cortisol
  • Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
  • Aldosterone

Q8. What condition results from failure of tubular reabsorption in all segments of the nephron?

  • Fanconi syndrome
  • Bartter syndrome
  • Addison’s disease
  • Nephrotic syndrome

Q9. Which component of the nephron plays a critical role in acid-base regulation by secreting hydrogen ions?

  • Proximal tubule cells
  • Principal cells
  • Macula densa
  • Type A intercalated cells

Q10. What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on renal function?

  • Decreases renal flow, increases renin and sodium reabsorption
  • Increases filtration pressure and diuresis
  • Blocks renin and dilates afferent arteriole
  • Decreases aldosterone release
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