Advanced Nephron Quiz
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This quiz contains 10 questions. Click below to begin.
Q1. What is the function of mesangial cells in the glomerulus?
- Transport of glucose
- Structural support and phagocytosis
- Filtration barrier
- Urine concentration
Q2. How does angiotensin II affect glomerular hemodynamics?
- Stimulates ADH from juxtaglomerular cells
- Constricts efferent arterioles to maintain GFR
- Dilates afferent arterioles to lower pressure
- Inhibits sodium transport in proximal tubule
Q3. Which transporter is found on the apical membrane of proximal tubule cells for glucose reabsorption?
- GLUT2
- Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase
- SGLT2
- ENaC
Q4. What is the significance of the countercurrent multiplier system in the loop of Henle?
- Regulates renin secretion
- Increases renal plasma flow
- Creates medullary gradient for water reabsorption
- Stimulates bicarbonate secretion
Q5. How do principal cells differ from intercalated cells in the collecting duct?
- Principal: urea secretion; Intercalated: renin production
- Principal: sodium/water; Intercalated: acid-base
- Principal: hormone synthesis; Intercalated: calcium reabsorption
- Principal: glucose transport; Intercalated: filtration
Q6. What enzyme is released by juxtaglomerular cells in response to low blood pressure?
- ADH
- Renin
- Aldosterone
- ACE
Q7. Which hormone inhibits sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct?
- Cortisol
- Aldosterone
- Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
- ADH
Q8. What condition results from failure of tubular reabsorption in all segments of the nephron?
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Fanconi syndrome
- Addison’s disease
- Bartter syndrome
Q9. Which component of the nephron plays a critical role in acid-base regulation by secreting hydrogen ions?
- Principal cells
- Type A intercalated cells
- Proximal tubule cells
- Macula densa
Q10. What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on renal function?
- Decreases aldosterone release
- Increases filtration pressure and diuresis
- Decreases renal flow, increases renin and sodium reabsorption
- Blocks renin and dilates afferent arteriole