Perineum is the diamond-shaped region between the pubic symphysis and coccyx containing urogenital and anal triangles.
The perineum is a diamond-shaped region located at the inferior aspect of the trunk, between the thighs. It forms the outlet of the pelvis and contains structures of the urogenital and anal systems. The perineum includes muscles, fasciae, glands, vessels, and openings related to both the urinary and reproductive tracts, as well as the terminal part of the digestive system. It is divided into two distinct triangular regions: the urogenital triangle (anterior) and the anal triangle (posterior).
The perineum consists of surface skin, subcutaneous tissue, perineal muscles, fascia, and neurovascular components. It is bounded by skeletal landmarks and divided into two anatomical triangles by a line drawn between the ischial tuberosities.
The perineum lies below the pelvic diaphragm and between the thighs. It is inferior to the levator ani muscle and is located between the external genitalia and the anus. It is most easily visualized in the lithotomy position or when the thighs are abducted.
Direction | Related Structures |
---|---|
Superior | Pelvic diaphragm (levator ani, coccygeus) |
Inferior | Perineal skin and subcutaneous tissue |
Anterior | Pubic symphysis, urogenital triangle |
Posterior | Coccyx, anal triangle |
Lateral | Ischiopubic rami and sacrotuberous ligaments |