Scalene muscles are a group of three neck muscles that play a crucial role in neck movement and respiration. These muscles are located in the neck and are responsible for lateral flexion of the neck, as well as inspiration and expiration during breathing.
Structure of Scalene Muscles
The scalene muscles are located on the sides of the neck and are composed of three muscles:
- Scalenus anterior
- Scalenus medius
- Scalenus posterior
The scalenus anterior is the largest of the three muscles and is located on the front of the neck. It originates from the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae and inserts into the first rib.
The scalenus medius is located between the scalenus anterior and scalenus posterior and originates from the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae, inserting into the first rib.
The scalenus posterior is the smallest of the three muscles and is located on the back of the neck. It originates from the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae and inserts into the second rib.
Location
The scalene muscles are located in the neck, on the sides of the trachea. They are situated between the sternocleidomastoid and the levator scapulae muscles.
Function
The scalene muscles have several important functions, including lateral flexion of the neck, inspiration, and expiration.
- Lateral Flexion of the Neck: The scalene muscles are responsible for lateral flexion of the neck, which allows the neck to bend to the side. This movement is essential for activities such as looking over the shoulder or turning the head to see something behind you.
- Inspiration: During inspiration, the scalene muscles contract and lift the first rib, expanding the chest cavity and allowing air to enter the lungs.
- Expiration: During expiration, the scalene muscles relax and the first rib drops, allowing the chest cavity to contract and air to be exhaled from the lungs.
Clinical Significance
The scalene muscles can be a source of neck pain and discomfort for some people. This can be due to muscle spasms or muscle imbalances, which can lead to neck stiffness and discomfort.
In addition, the scalene muscles can be a source of referred pain, meaning that pain in the scalene muscles can be felt in other areas of the body. For example, scalene muscle pain can be referred to the shoulder or arm, leading to discomfort in these areas.
Treatment for scalene muscle pain may include stretching exercises, massages, and physical therapy to help alleviate muscle tension and improve range of motion in the neck. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to address muscle imbalances or other underlying issues.
