Simple cuboidal epithelium

Simple cuboidal epithelium consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells with centrally located round nuclei.^[8] It is commonly involved in secretion, absorption, and protective functions.^[1]

Anatomy

• Cell Shape: Cells are roughly as tall as they are wide, forming a cube-like appearance.
• Nucleus: Spherical and located in the center of the cell.^[7]
• Arrangement: Cells are tightly packed, forming a continuous sheet.

Location

Simple cuboidal epithelium is found in organs where secretion and absorption are primary functions. Common locations include:

• Kidney tubules: Facilitates reabsorption and secretion during urine formation.
• Thyroid gland: Lines follicles and is involved in hormone production.
• Ovaries: Covers the surface of the ovaries.
• Ducts of glands: Lines small excretory ducts in glands such as salivary glands and pancreas.

Function

• Secretion: Produces and releases substances like hormones, enzymes, and mucus.
• Absorption: Takes up substances from the lumen, such as nutrients or water.^[2]
• Protection: Forms a barrier to protect underlying tissues in certain organs.

Clinical significance

• Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): Abnormalities in kidney tubule epithelium, which is lined by simple cuboidal cells, can lead to cyst formation.^[3]
• Thyroid Disorders: Diseases like hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism involve altered functioning of the thyroid follicles lined by simple cuboidal epithelium.
• Salivary Gland Obstruction: Damage or blockage in ducts lined by simple cuboidal epithelium can lead to salivary gland swelling or infection.^[5]