Simple cuboidal epithelium consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells with centrally located round nuclei. It is commonly involved in secretion, absorption, and protective functions.
Anatomy
- Cell Shape: Cells are roughly as tall as they are wide, forming a cube-like appearance.
- Nucleus: Spherical and located in the center of the cell.
- Arrangement: Cells are tightly packed, forming a continuous sheet.
Location
Simple cuboidal epithelium is found in organs where secretion and absorption are primary functions. Common locations include:
- Kidney tubules: Facilitates reabsorption and secretion during urine formation.
- Thyroid gland: Lines follicles and is involved in hormone production.
- Ovaries: Covers the surface of the ovaries.
- Ducts of glands: Lines small excretory ducts in glands such as salivary glands and pancreas.
Function
- Secretion: Produces and releases substances like hormones, enzymes, and mucus.
- Absorption: Takes up substances from the lumen, such as nutrients or water.
- Protection: Forms a barrier to protect underlying tissues in certain organs.
Clinical significance
- Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): Abnormalities in kidney tubule epithelium, which is lined by simple cuboidal cells, can lead to cyst formation.
- Thyroid Disorders: Diseases like hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism involve altered functioning of the thyroid follicles lined by simple cuboidal epithelium.
- Salivary Gland Obstruction: Damage or blockage in ducts lined by simple cuboidal epithelium can lead to salivary gland swelling or infection.
