The superior epigastric artery is a small artery that arises from the internal thoracic artery, also known as the internal mammary artery. It is a branch of the thoracic aorta, which is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body.
Structure
The superior epigastric artery is a medium-sized artery that originates from the internal thoracic artery at the level of the third or fourth intercostal space. It runs upwards and laterally towards the xiphoid process, which is a small pointed bone located at the bottom of the sternum.
From there, the superior epigastric artery continues upwards and becomes more superficial, running over the rectus abdominis muscle and the arcuate line. The arcuate line is a curved line that marks the separation between the lower abdominal muscles (rectus abdominis) and the upper abdominal muscles (transversus abdominis).
The superior epigastric artery gives off several branches as it travels upwards, including the superficial epigastric artery, the deep epigastric artery, and the inferior epigastric artery. These branches supply blood to the muscles and tissues of the abdominal wall and the abdominal organs.
Location
The superior epigastric artery is located in the upper abdomen, specifically in the epigastric region. This region is located between the xiphoid process and the umbilicus (belly button).
Function
The main function of the superior epigastric artery is to provide oxygenated blood to the muscles and tissues of the abdominal wall and the abdominal organs. It also helps to regulate blood flow to these structures.
Clinical significance
The superior epigastric artery is an important artery in the abdominal region, and its proper functioning is crucial for the health of the abdominal muscles and organs. Dysfunction of this artery can lead to various problems, including abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and digestive issues.
One of the main clinical uses of the superior epigastric artery is in coronary artery bypass surgery, where it is used as a bypass graft to restore blood flow to the heart. The superior epigastric artery is often used as a bypass graft because it is a reliable and durable source of blood flow.
In addition, the superior epigastric artery is sometimes used for plastic and reconstructive surgery of the abdominal wall. It can also be used for breast reconstruction surgery after a mastectomy.
Overall, the superior epigastric artery is a crucial artery in the abdominal region, and its proper functioning is essential for the overall health of the abdomen. Dysfunction of this artery can lead to various problems, and it is used in several clinical procedures to restore blood flow and improve the health of the abdominal region.
