CF
Cubital Fossa
Cubital fossa is the anterior elbow depression housing the brachial artery and median nerve.
RegionUpper Limb
System-
The cubital fossa is a triangular anatomical depression located on the anterior aspect of the elbow. It serves as a vital passage for several important neurovascular structures transitioning between the arm and forearm. It is a common site for venipuncture, blood pressure measurement, and arterial access.
Boundaries
| Border | Structure |
|---|---|
| Superior (Base) | Imaginary line between the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus |
| Medial | Pronator teres muscle |
| Lateral | Brachioradialis muscle |
| Apex | Where pronator teres and brachioradialis meet inferiorly |
| Floor | Brachialis and supinator muscles |
| Roof | Skin, superficial fascia (containing veins), bicipital aponeurosis |
Contents (Lateral to Medial)
| Structure | Details |
|---|---|
| Radial nerve | Lies just under brachioradialis; divides into superficial and deep branches |
| Biceps brachii tendon | Centrally located; inserts into radial tuberosity |
| Brachial artery | Lies medial to biceps tendon; bifurcates into radial and ulnar arteries |
| Median nerve | Most medial structure; passes between heads of pronator teres |
Superficial Structures
- Median cubital vein: Connects cephalic and basilic veins; common for venipuncture
- Medial and lateral cutaneous nerves of the forearm
Function / Significance
- Provides a protected passageway for neurovascular structures from the arm to the forearm
- Key surface landmark for clinical procedures
Clinical Significance
- Venipuncture: Median cubital vein is easily accessible and commonly used for blood draws and IV access
- Brachial artery access: Used for catheterization or measuring blood pressure
- Nerve compression: Median nerve may be compressed by hypertrophy of pronator teres or other structures within the fossa
- Trauma: Deep lacerations or fractures can injure multiple vital structures in this compact area
Comparative Anatomy
The cubital fossa is more pronounced in bipedal primates like humans due to the upright limb posture. Its triangular configuration and superficial vein layout make it uniquely useful for clinical procedures and non-invasive vascular access.
Published on May 12, 2025
Last updated on May 12, 2025
Last updated on May 12, 2025
