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Cubital Fossa

Cubital fossa is the anterior elbow depression housing the brachial artery and median nerve.

RegionUpper Limb
System-

The cubital fossa is a triangular anatomical depression located on the anterior aspect of the elbow. It serves as a vital passage for several important neurovascular structures transitioning between the arm and forearm. It is a common site for venipuncture, blood pressure measurement, and arterial access.

Boundaries

BorderStructure
Superior (Base)Imaginary line between the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus
MedialPronator teres muscle
LateralBrachioradialis muscle
ApexWhere pronator teres and brachioradialis meet inferiorly
FloorBrachialis and supinator muscles
RoofSkin, superficial fascia (containing veins), bicipital aponeurosis

Contents (Lateral to Medial)

StructureDetails
Radial nerveLies just under brachioradialis; divides into superficial and deep branches
Biceps brachii tendonCentrally located; inserts into radial tuberosity
Brachial arteryLies medial to biceps tendon; bifurcates into radial and ulnar arteries
Median nerveMost medial structure; passes between heads of pronator teres

Superficial Structures

  • Median cubital vein: Connects cephalic and basilic veins; common for venipuncture
  • Medial and lateral cutaneous nerves of the forearm

Function / Significance

  • Provides a protected passageway for neurovascular structures from the arm to the forearm
  • Key surface landmark for clinical procedures

Clinical Significance

  • Venipuncture: Median cubital vein is easily accessible and commonly used for blood draws and IV access
  • Brachial artery access: Used for catheterization or measuring blood pressure
  • Nerve compression: Median nerve may be compressed by hypertrophy of pronator teres or other structures within the fossa
  • Trauma: Deep lacerations or fractures can injure multiple vital structures in this compact area

Comparative Anatomy

The cubital fossa is more pronounced in bipedal primates like humans due to the upright limb posture. Its triangular configuration and superficial vein layout make it uniquely useful for clinical procedures and non-invasive vascular access.

Published on May 12, 2025
Last updated on May 12, 2025
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