The dental alveoli, also known as the alveolar sockets or alveolar process, are bony cavities in the jawbone that hold and support the teeth. They are an important structure in the anatomy of the oral cavity, as they provide the foundation for the teeth and allow them to function properly.
Structure
The dental alveoli are located within the alveolar process, which is a ridge of bone that extends from the mandible (lower jawbone) and maxilla (upper jawbone). Each alveolus is shaped like a cone and is surrounded by a layer of spongy bone, which is called the lamina dura. The lamina dura is thin and porous, and it helps to protect the alveoli from trauma.
Inside the alveolus, there is a thin layer of connective tissue called the periodontal ligament (PDL). The PDL is composed of collagen fibers and serves to attach the tooth to the alveolus. It also helps to cushion the tooth and absorb shock during chewing and biting.
Location
The dental alveoli are located within the alveolar process of the jawbone. The alveolar process is a ridge of bone that extends along the entire length of the jawbone. It is divided into two parts: the mandibular alveolar process, which is located in the lower jawbone, and the maxillary alveolar process, which is located in the upper jawbone.
The dental alveoli are arranged in a row along the alveolar process, and each alveolus is specific to a particular tooth. For example, the alveolus for the front teeth (incisors) is located closer to the front of the jawbone, while the alveolus for the molars is located further back.
Function
The main function of the dental alveoli is to hold and support the teeth. The teeth are anchored to the alveoli by the PDL, which allows them to move slightly when chewing and biting. This movement helps to distribute the forces of chewing evenly across the jawbone and prevents the teeth from breaking or becoming loose.
The dental alveoli also play a role in the eruption of the teeth. When a tooth is ready to erupt from the gums, it pushes against the alveolus, causing the bone to resorb and create a space for the tooth to emerge. This process is called tooth eruption.
